What does convergent validity assess in a test?

Convergent validity refers to the degree to which a test correlates with other measures that are supposed to measure the same construct or concept. This type of validity is important because it assures that the test is accurately capturing the intended phenomenon and can support the use of the test in research or clinical practice.

When a test demonstrates strong correlation with other established tests that measure the same construct, it indicates that the test is effectively assessing that construct. In this context, option B highlights the critical aspect of convergent validity by focusing on the relationship of the test with similar established measures, thus confirming that both are evaluating the same underlying attribute.

The other options do not accurately represent convergent validity. Correlation with unrelated measures would indicate lack of specificity in measurement, not convergent validity. Variance in test scores among different demographic groups relates to issues of fairness or bias in the test, rather than its validity. Consistency of results over multiple testing occasions pertains to test-retest reliability, not convergent validity. Therefore, option B appropriately captures the essence of convergent validity in assessing the effectiveness of a test's construct measurement.