What does internal validity refer to in research?

Internal validity refers specifically to the degree to which study results are free from bias and accurately reflect the causal relationship being examined in the study. This concept is crucial because it helps establish whether the results can confidently attribute observed effects to the interventions or variables being tested, rather than to other extraneous factors. A study with high internal validity minimizes the potential for alternative explanations for the findings, ensuring that the conclusions drawn are a direct reflection of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

In research, internal validity can be compromised by various factors such as confounding variables or biases in data collection and analysis. Hence, striving for high internal validity is essential in establishing the foundation upon which findings are based. Understanding this concept is pivotal in evaluating the strength of evidence provided by research studies and its applicability to practice.