What is the primary purpose of theory in research?

The primary purpose of theory in research is to explain phenomena and predict outcomes. Theories provide a framework for understanding complex relationships within the data, guiding researchers in formulating hypotheses and interpreting results. By offering explanations for observed behaviors or patterns, theory enables researchers to generate predictions about future occurrences based on established knowledge. This predictive power is crucial for advancing scientific understanding and informing practice in various fields.

In contrast, options such as collecting data, determining sample size, or conducting experiments pertain to specific methodological processes within research rather than the foundational role that theory plays. Data collection is a means to gather information that may test a theory, while determining sample size is a logistical consideration for ensuring that research findings are statistically valid. Conducting experiments is a method used to gather evidence, but without an underlying theory, the results would lack context and significance. Therefore, theory serves as a critical underpinning for guiding research direction and interpreting findings.