Which sampling method is often used to reach hard-to-reach populations?

Snowball sampling is particularly effective for reaching hard-to-reach populations because it leverages the social networks of initial participants to identify and recruit more individuals within the same population. This method often starts with a small group of individuals who are part of the target population. After these initial participants are interviewed or surveyed, they are asked to refer others they know who also fit the criteria for the study. This is particularly useful in populations that may be marginalized, hidden, or otherwise difficult to access, as traditional sampling methods might not yield sufficient participants.

The technique capitalizes on relationships and connections, facilitating access to groups that may not interact openly with outsiders or may be reluctant to be identified by researchers. Snowball sampling creates a chain-like recruitment process, helping researchers build a substantial sample size that would be challenging to achieve through other methods.